The following information is available for this Level Three course:
    General description   Recommended books   Syllabus & Handouts   Exam paper, answers and feedback  Material displayed in lectures

General Description

Course Aims: To provide an introduction to the field of modern particle physics, incorporating a description of the fundamental particles and their interactions, with the tools to perform kinematic calculations in simple situations.

Objectives: On successful completion of this course, you should:

• understand the difference between fermions and bosons, and how they behave;
• know the characteristics of the electromagnetic, strong and weak interactions;
• be familiar with the consequences of boson exchange in the mediation of forces;
• be able to use Feynman diagrams to describe interactions;
• understand scattering, and the role of form factors, being able to calculate the form factor for simple charge distributions;
• know the quantum numbers of particles in the lowest lying multiplets;
• recognise allowed and forbidden processes for each of the interactions;
• be able to calculate the kinematics of 2-body interactions and decays.

Handouts: A course handbook is provided, consisting of a summary of key points and definitions, diagrams and other information.

Assessment: This has two components, homeworks and the end-of-semester examination.

The purpose of the six exercises is to help with revision of the lecture material and to give practice in problem solving.  Three homeworks will be marked and returned, with feedback. The total homework mark counts 15% towards the module. (Although the other three exercises will not be assessed, they still form an important part of the course and should be attempted seriously. Solutions to these exercises will be handed out no later than two weeks after they are set.)

The two-hour examination has one compulsory short-answer question, and a choice of 2 other questions from a selection of 4. The compulsory question is marked out of 20 and the others out of 15; together they count 85% towards the module.

Context: PHY304 is part of the core of all BSc and MPhys single honours and dual degrees, including Chemical Physics.
 

Recommended Books:

Click on the link to see the booklet and supplementary material for that unit on the screen.  For PDF versions of handouts (more suitable for printing), use the list below the syllabus. The PowerPoints displayed in lectures are here.

1. Introduction

Units - energy, momentum and mass.
2. Cross-Sections

Total and partial cross-sections.  Differential cross-sections  .  Elastic scattering.  Form factor F(q).  Born approximation.  Fourier relationship between ρ(r) and F(q).
3. Kinematics

Energy-momentum relationship.  4-vectors P = (p, iE).  4-momentum transfer, q.
4. Classification of Particles

Fermions and bosons; constituents of matter and fields. Introduction to the Standard Model. Leptons and quarks.
5. Interactions and Fields

Exchange bosons.  The 4 fundamental forces; their ranges and relative strengths.  Feynman diagrams.  Virtual particles.  Yukawa potential.
6. Invariance Principles and Conservation Laws

Origin of conservation laws, properties of space-time.  Conservation of p, E and L.  Global phase or gauge transformations; multiplicative conservation laws; charge conjugation (C), parity (P) and time-reversal (T) symmetries;  CPT theorem.
7. Fundamental Interactions
1. Electromagnetic - QED, electron self-energy, vacuum polarisation, renormalisation.  Magnetic moments, g−2 experiment and theory.
2. Weak -  Low energies, beta decay, W⁺,W⁻.  High energy divergences and electroweak unification, Z⁰.  e⁺e⁻ annihilation experiments; number of fermion generations.
3. Strong -  QCD, quarks and gluons, colour, α_s (running).  Allowed hadrons, hadronisation and jets.
8. Properties of Quarks

Isospin & strangeness, charm, beauty (bottom), top.  Quark content of hadrons.  Symmetries and allowed combinations of quarks.  CKM matrix and weak eigenstates.  Strangeness regeneration.
9. Evidence in support of quark model

e⁺e⁻ scattering and annihilation; time-like and space-like virtual photons, R and colour factor.  Deep inelastic scattering, scaling.  Jets and gluon bremsstrahlung.
10. Summary

PDF versions of handouts:  Introductory Notes   Scattering & Form Factors   Fermions & Bosons   Interactions & Fields   Yukawa Potential & Invariance Principles   Quantum ElectroDynamics   Weak Interaction   Strong Interaction   Properties of Quarks   Evidence for Quarks  

Previous exam papers

It is not departmental policy to provide complete specimen answers to past examination papers. However, to help you in revision, numerical values and similar information are given below for recent papers so that you can check your attempts. If you have attempted past questions and wish to discuss the descriptive questions or the details of your calculations, please see me!

Feedback on recent examination performance is also available.

Date	Numerical Answers	Examination Feedback
January 2019	Numerical Answers	Feedback
January 2018	Numerical Answers	Feedback
January 2017	Numerical Answers	Feedback

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